Copernicus Sentinel-2 MSI · Phase 1 Demo

Satellite Water Quality

Pre-computed Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) water quality metrics for each NSW OISAS estuary. Chlorophyll-a and Total Suspended Matter are derived from 10 m resolution band-ratio algorithms; SST from CMEMS global products.

Phase 1 Demo: These values are static pre-computed estimates based on published Australian estuarine water quality literature (Nandy et al. 2024; ANZECC 2000 guidelines). In Phase 2, they will be replaced by live Sentinel Hub Process API calls with custom evalscripts.

36 estuaries

13 S2 tiles

158k valid pixels

19 good·17 moderate

Chlorophyll-a thresholds:Good: 0–4 mg/m³Moderate: 4–10 mg/m³Poor: >10 mg/m³

Georges River

MODERATE

SydneyT56HLH2026-04-2114% cloud

8.5

mg/m³

Chl-a

22.3

mg/L

TSM

1.1

Secchi

20.2

°C

SST

12.5

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

4,580 px

NDWI: 0.22Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Hunter River

MODERATE

HunterT56HMH2026-04-2120% cloud

7.8

mg/m³

Chl-a

25.6

mg/L

TSM

0.9

Secchi

20.5

°C

SST

14.2

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

2,100 px

NDWI: 0.20Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Richmond River

MODERATE

North CoastT56HQK2026-04-2118% cloud

7.2

mg/m³

Chl-a

21.8

mg/L

TSM

Secchi

22.4

°C

SST

11.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

2,800 px

NDWI: 0.21Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Macleay River

MODERATE

Mid-North CoastT56HPJ2026-04-2025% cloud

6.4

mg/m³

Chl-a

19.5

mg/L

TSM

1.2

Secchi

21.6

°C

SST

10.5

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

3,200 px

NDWI: 0.23Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Shoalhaven River

MODERATE

South CoastT55HHW2026-04-2210% cloud

6.1

mg/m³

Chl-a

18.4

mg/L

TSM

1.3

Secchi

19.3

°C

SST

9.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

5,200 px

NDWI: 0.26Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Manning River

GOOD

Mid-North CoastT56HNH2026-04-238% cloud

5.8

mg/m³

Chl-a

16.8

mg/L

TSM

1.4

Secchi

°C

SST

8.9

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

12,600 px

NDWI: 0.25Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Brisbane Water

MODERATE

SydneyT56HLH2026-04-2114% cloud

5.6

mg/m³

Chl-a

13.2

mg/L

TSM

1.7

Secchi

20.1

°C

SST

7.2

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

3,100 px

NDWI: 0.30Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Clarence River

GOOD

North CoastT56HPK2026-04-2310% cloud

5.5

mg/m³

Chl-a

17.2

mg/L

TSM

1.3

Secchi

22.1

°C

SST

9.2

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

10,800 px

NDWI: 0.24Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Tuross Lake

MODERATE

South CoastT55HGV2026-04-225% cloud

5.2

mg/m³

Chl-a

14.5

mg/L

TSM

1.6

Secchi

18.4

°C

SST

7.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

3,150 px

NDWI: 0.29Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Tweed River

MODERATE

Far North CoastT56HQL2026-04-2122% cloud

mg/m³

Chl-a

14.8

mg/L

TSM

1.5

Secchi

22.8

°C

SST

7.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

1,500 px

NDWI: 0.27Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Burrill Lake

GOOD

South CoastT55HHV2026-04-226% cloud

4.8

mg/m³

Chl-a

9.5

mg/L

TSM

1.8

Secchi

°C

SST

5.2

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

1,050 px

NDWI: 0.32Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Hawkesbury River

MODERATE

SydneyT56HLH2026-04-2114% cloud

4.7

mg/m³

Chl-a

15.6

mg/L

TSM

1.5

Secchi

°C

SST

8.2

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

9,200 px

NDWI: 0.28Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Bega River

MODERATE

Far South CoastT55HFU2026-04-2215% cloud

4.5

mg/m³

Chl-a

12.3

mg/L

TSM

1.9

Secchi

°C

SST

6.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

1,240 px

NDWI: 0.31Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Hastings River

GOOD

Mid-North CoastT56HNJ2026-04-2312% cloud

4.2

mg/m³

Chl-a

12.8

mg/L

TSM

1.8

Secchi

21.4

°C

SST

6.5

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

5,600 px

NDWI: 0.30Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Nambucca River

MODERATE

Mid-North CoastT56HPJ2026-04-2025% cloud

mg/m³

Chl-a

11.5

mg/L

TSM

1.9

Secchi

21.8

°C

SST

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

2,100 px

NDWI: 0.32Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Crookhaven River

GOOD

South CoastT55HHW2026-04-2210% cloud

3.9

mg/m³

Chl-a

10.8

mg/L

TSM

2.1

Secchi

19.2

°C

SST

5.5

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

6,820 px

NDWI: 0.36Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Moruya River

MODERATE

South CoastT55HGV2026-04-2018% cloud

3.8

mg/m³

Chl-a

11.2

mg/L

TSM

Secchi

18.6

°C

SST

5.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

1,520 px

NDWI: 0.33Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Brunswick River

MODERATE

Far North CoastT56HQK2026-04-2118% cloud

3.8

mg/m³

Chl-a

10.2

mg/L

TSM

Secchi

22.6

°C

SST

5.3

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

980 px

NDWI: 0.33Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Wallaga Lake

GOOD

Far South CoastT55HGU2026-04-2210% cloud

3.6

mg/m³

Chl-a

8.9

mg/L

TSM

2.2

Secchi

18.1

°C

SST

4.5

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

2,050 px

NDWI: 0.37Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Camden Haven River

GOOD

Mid-North CoastT56HNJ2026-04-2312% cloud

3.5

mg/m³

Chl-a

9.2

mg/L

TSM

2.2

Secchi

21.3

°C

SST

4.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

3,800 px

NDWI: 0.34Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Clyde River

GOOD

South CoastT55HHV2026-04-226% cloud

3.4

mg/m³

Chl-a

7.6

mg/L

TSM

2.6

Secchi

19.1

°C

SST

3.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3.5(+1.5)

8,450 pxFDT

NDWI: 0.39Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2 + FDT

Bellinger River

MODERATE

Mid-North CoastT56HPJ2026-04-2025% cloud

3.3

mg/m³

Chl-a

8.8

mg/L

TSM

2.4

Secchi

21.9

°C

SST

4.4

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

1,900 px

NDWI: 0.35Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Patonga Creek

MODERATE

SydneyT56HLH2026-04-2114% cloud

3.2

mg/m³

Chl-a

6.8

mg/L

TSM

2.7

Secchi

°C

SST

3.4

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

680 px

NDWI: 0.38Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Merimbula Lake

GOOD

Far South CoastT55HFU2026-04-2212% cloud

3.1

mg/m³

Chl-a

5.5

mg/L

TSM

3.1

Secchi

18.2

°C

SST

2.7

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

1,850 px

NDWI: 0.40Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Tomaga River

MODERATE

South CoastT55HGV2026-04-2018% cloud

2.9

mg/m³

Chl-a

8.4

mg/L

TSM

2.3

Secchi

18.7

°C

SST

4.2

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

920 px

NDWI: 0.34Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Pambula Lake

GOOD

Far South CoastT55HFU2026-04-228% cloud

2.8

mg/m³

Chl-a

6.2

mg/L

TSM

2.8

Secchi

18.3

°C

SST

3.1

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

2,180 px

NDWI: 0.38Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Port Stephens

GOOD

HunterT56HMH2026-04-235% cloud

2.6

mg/m³

Chl-a

5.8

mg/L

TSM

3.2

Secchi

20.8

°C

SST

2.9

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3.5(+1.5)

18,500 pxFDT

NDWI: 0.45Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2 + FDT

Wooli Wooli River

GOOD

North CoastT56HPK2026-04-2310% cloud

2.5

mg/m³

Chl-a

6.5

mg/L

TSM

2.8

Secchi

°C

SST

3.2

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

850 px

NDWI: 0.39Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Bermagui River

MODERATE

Far South CoastT55HGU2026-04-2022% cloud

2.4

mg/m³

Chl-a

7.8

mg/L

TSM

2.5

Secchi

°C

SST

3.9

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 2.5(+0.5)

780 px

NDWI: 0.35Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Wagonga Inlet

GOOD

South CoastT55HGV2026-04-225% cloud

2.2

mg/m³

Chl-a

mg/L

TSM

3.4

Secchi

18.5

°C

SST

2.5

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

2,890 px

NDWI: 0.41Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Conjola River

GOOD

South CoastT55HHV2026-04-226% cloud

2.1

mg/m³

Chl-a

4.8

mg/L

TSM

3.5

Secchi

°C

SST

2.3

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

1,280 px

NDWI: 0.43Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Wallis Lake

GOOD

Mid-North CoastT56HNH2026-04-238% cloud

mg/m³

Chl-a

4.5

mg/L

TSM

3.6

Secchi

21.2

°C

SST

2.2

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

28,400 px

NDWI: 0.47Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Sandon River

GOOD

North CoastT56HPK2026-04-2310% cloud

1.9

mg/m³

Chl-a

4.3

mg/L

TSM

3.6

Secchi

°C

SST

2.1

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

640 px

NDWI: 0.43Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Wapengo Lagoon

GOOD

Far South CoastT55HFU2026-04-228% cloud

1.8

mg/m³

Chl-a

4.1

mg/L

TSM

3.8

Secchi

18.1

°C

SST

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

1,680 px

NDWI: 0.44Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Nelson Lagoon

GOOD

South CoastT55HGV2026-04-2018% cloud

1.5

mg/m³

Chl-a

3.2

mg/L

TSM

4.5

Secchi

18.7

°C

SST

1.5

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

580 px

NDWI: 0.46Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Wonboyn River

GOOD

Far South CoastT55HFU2026-04-228% cloud

1.2

mg/m³

Chl-a

3.8

mg/L

TSM

4.2

Secchi

18.1

°C

SST

1.8

NTU

Turbidity

REDQS: 2 → 3(+1)

3,420 px

NDWI: 0.42Res: 10mSource: Sentinel-2

Copernicus Integration Architecture

Sentinel-2 MSI Pipeline

Sensor

Sentinel-2A/B Multi-Spectral Instrument

Resolution

10 m (bands B2, B3, B4, B8) · 20 m (B5, B6, B7, B8A, B11, B12)

Revisit

5 days (2-satellite constellation)

Products

Chl-a (band ratio B3/B4) · TSM (B4 reflectance) · Turbidity (Dogliotti 2015) · NDWI (B3-B8)/(B3+B8)

API (Phase 2)

sh.dataspace.copernicus.eu/api/v1/process

REDQS Enhancement

Satellite data provides spatially continuous water quality observations that complement point-source FDT sensors, boosting the REDQS score and DAF.

No satellite data (baseline)REDQS 2+0

Sentinel-2 (moderate quality)REDQS 2.5+0.5

Sentinel-2 (good quality)REDQS 3+1.0

Sentinel-2 + FDT combinedREDQS 3.5–5+1.5

Phase 2 Data Flow

Sentinel-2 A/B

5-day revisit · 10 m

→

CDSE Archive

Copernicus Data Space

→

Sentinel Hub API

Process + Evalscript

→

EAAM Engine

REDQS ↑ → DAF ↑ → ESV ↑

Spatial Coverage

All 36 OISAS estuaries covered by 13 Sentinel-2 tiles.158k valid water pixels extracted.

Cloud Impact

Observations from 2026-04-20 to 2026-04-23. Cloud cover ranges 5–25% across tiles.

REDQS Impact

Average REDQS boost of +0.9 across all estuaries. Combined FDT + satellite achieves REDQS 5 at Clyde River and Port Stephens.